Here are the specific laboratory analyses and tests routinely carried out in lab for environmental studies, regulatory compliance, and monitoring in the oil & gas industry.
- Produced Water / Effluent Water Analyses.
- pH, salinity, TDS, conductivity
- Oil & Grease (n-hexane extractable)
- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH C6–C40)
- BTEX + MTBE (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes)
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) – 16 EPA priority + alkylated
- Phenols (total & individual)
- Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, V, Hg, As, Zn, Cu, Fe) by ICP-OES/MS
- Anions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, HCO₃⁻, NO₃⁻)
- Total Suspended Solids (TSS), COD, BOD₅
- 2. Groundwater & Surface Water Monitoring.
- Same suite as produced water above
- Microbiological (Total coliforms, E. coli, Pseudomonas)
- 3. Soil & Sediment Analyses (Pre/Post-Spillage & Remediation)
- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) banded C6–C10, >C10–C16, >C16–C35, >C35–C40
- BTEX & PAHs (including benzo(a)pyrene)
- Total Recoverable Hydrocarbons (TRH)
- Heavy metals (same list as water)
- pH, EC, CEC, nutrients (N, P, K), organic matter
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons – low & high molecular weight
- Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
- Grain size distribution (for remediation endpoint)
- 4. Air Quality & Emission Monitoring
- Particulate Matter (PM₁₀, PM₂.₅, TSP)
- SOx, NOx, CO, H₂S, VOCs (photo-ionisation detector + canister sampling)
- Methane & Non-Methane Hydrocarbons
- Flare combustion efficiency (CE ≥ 98% required) – CO/CO₂ ratio, unburnt hydrocarbons
- 5. Drilling Fluids & Cuttings Analyses
- Oil-based mud (OBM) on cuttings (Retort % oil, TPH)
- Synthetic-based mud (SBM) – same
- Heavy metals in cuttings
- Barite purity & contaminant check (Hg, Cd)
- 6. Oil Spill Fingerprinting & Forensics.
- GC-FID chromatogram + diagnostic ratios
- GC-MS biomarkers (terpanes, steranes, pristane/phytane)
- PAH distribution & alkylated homologues
- 7. Waste & Sludge Characterisation
- Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons
- Flash point, ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity (hazardous waste classification)
- Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) for metals
- Paint Filter Test (free liquid)
